Subject

    Computer Science

    Topic

    Computer Hardware

    Which file system feature writes changes to a journal before committing metadata?

    ক)
    Journaling
    খ)
    Write-through caching
    গ)
    Defragmentation
    ঘ)
    Inode hard linking

    Explanation

    Journaling logs intent so recovery after crashes is fast and consistent. Ext4, NTFS, APFS variants use journals for metadata and sometimes data. It reduces fsck time and corruption risk. Write-through avoids caching but doesn’t provide transactional semantics.

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